Konu: ''If Clousen'' Adlı Dönem Ödevime Yardım Eder misiniz

''IF CLOUSEN'' adında ingilizce dönem ödevim var zor durumdayım nolur yardım edin bu hafta içinde bulabilirsiniz çokk ii olur bende ödevlerimi en kısa sürede paylaşacağım şimdiden allah razı olsun.....

THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES / IF CLAUSES - ŞART CÜMLELER?

Conditional Sentences, Türkçe'deki Şart Cümlelerinin ?ngilizce'deki karş?l?ğ?d?r. Şart, bir şeyin gerçekleşmesi için başka bir durumun yerine getirilmesi gereğidir. Şart cümleleri, bir yan cümlecik (clause) ve bir ana cümleden (main clause) den oluşur.
IF + Clause + Main Clause
?ngilizce'de Şart Cümlelerinde "If Clause" k?sm? şart veya olas?l?k belirtir.

CONDITIONAL 0
If I am late, my father takes me to school.
She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.
Usage
Situations that are always true if something happens.
Yap? olarak birinci (If Clause) ve ikinci (Main Clause) k?s?mlar?nda geniş zaman kullan?l?r ve anlam bak?m?ndan bahsedilen durum her zaman için geçerlidir.
NOTE
This use is similiar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (example: When I am late, my father takes me to school.)
Kullan?m? çok basittir ve "if" diğer zaman bağlaçlar?ndan "when" ile değiştirildiğinde anlamda pek bir değişiklik olmaz.
CONDITIONAL 1
If it rains, we will stay at home.
He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.
Usage
Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.
Birinci tip şart cümlesi, bir durumun karş?lanmas? halinde, günümüzde gerçekleşmesi mümkün olan durumlar için kullan?l?r. Bir bak?ma "real" yani gerçek durumlar için kullan?l?r. Birinci tip şart cümlesinde "if clause" k?sm? geniş zaman, "main clause" k?sm?nda ise "future" yani "will" kullan?lmal?d?r.
NOTE
In the conditional 1 we often use unless which means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.'.
CONDITIONAL 2
If he studied more, he would pass the exam.
I would lower taxes if I were the President.
They would buy a new house if they had more money.
Usage
Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal - impossible or improbable - situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation.
?kinci tip şart cümlesi, gerçekte olmayan bir durumun "var olmas?" şart?yla ifadede bulunmak için kullan?lan şart cümlesidir. Örneğin, "If I had a car now, we would drive there." "şu an arabam olsayd?, oraya giderdik" cümlesinde kişinin şuan arabas? olmad?ğ?n? ve o an arabas? olmas? halinde oraya gidecekleri ifade edilmektedir. Gerçekte olmayan durumlar "Unreal Conditions" için kullan?l?r. Yap? olarak, "if clause" k?sm?nda geçmiş zaman, ikinci k?s?mda (main clause) would+V1 kullan?l?r.
NOTE
The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'.
CONDITIONAL 3
If he had known that, he would have decided differently.
Jane would have found a new job if she had stayed in Boston.
UsageOften referred to as the "past" conditional because it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. Used to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.
Üçüncü tip şart cümlesi, "Unreal Conditional" dediğimiz ikinci tip şart cümlesinin geçmiş zaman halidir. Geçmişte olmuş bir olay?n olmamas?, veya farkl? olmas? için söylenmiş olan, gerçek olmayan geçmiş zaman?n söz konusu olmas? halinde kullan?l?r.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STRUCTURE OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If he comes to town, we have dinner
We have dinner if he comes to town.
Conditional 1 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma will verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.
We will go to the movies if he finishes on time.
Conditional 2 is formed by the use of the past simple in the if clause followed by a comma would verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If they had more money, they would buy a new house.
They would buy a new house if they had more money.
Conditional 3 is formed by the use of the past perfect in the if clause followed by a comma would have past participle in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If Alice had won the competition, life would have changed.
Life would have changed if Alice had won the competition.

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If it rains I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If I see Mary I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow he will invite her.
If they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad.
If it rains tomorrow will you stay at home?
If it rains tomorrow what will you do?


result IF condition
WILL + base verb present simple
I will tell Mary if I see her.
He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow?
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?

Tips:
Sometimes, we use shall, can, or may instead of will, for example: If you are good today, you can watch TV tonight.

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible.

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I won the lottery I would buy a car.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.

Here are some more examples:

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I married Mary I would be happy.
If Ram became rich she would marry him.
If it snowed next July would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July what would you do?


result IF condition
WOULD + base verb past simple
I would be happy if I married Mary.
She would marry Ram if he became rich.
Would you be surprised if it snowed next July?
What would you do if it snowed next July?

Tips:
Sometimes, we use should, could or might instead of would, for example: If I won a million dollars, I could stop working.

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win. :-(

condition result
Past Perfect WOULD HAVE + Past Participle
If I had won the lottery I would have bought a car.

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use WOULD HAVE + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.


Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.


Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF condition result
past perfect WOULD HAVE + past participle
If I had seen Mary I would have told her.
If Tara had been free yesterday I would have invited her.
If they had not passed their exam their teacher would have been sad.
If it had rained yesterday would you have stayed at home?
If it had rained yesterday what would you have done?


result IF condition
WOULD HAVE + past participle past perfect
I would have told Mary if I had seen her.
I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.
Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam.
Would you have stayed at home if it had rained yesterday?
What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?

THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

In 'zero' conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present:

'IF' CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
If + simple present simple present
If you heat ice it melts.
If it rains you get wet


NOTE: The order of the clauses is not fixed - the 'if' clause can be first or second:

Ice melts if you heat it.
You get wet if it rains.

In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. They are used to make statements about the real world, and often refer to general truths, such as scientific facts.

Examples:

a. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
b. Plants die if they don't get enough water.
c. If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
d. If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
e. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.


The structure below is often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause:
If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

Take some ice. Put it in a saucepan. Heat the saucepan. What happens? The ice melts (it becomes water). You would be surprised if it did not.

IF condition result
present simple present simple
If you heat ice it melts.

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.


We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus.


Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF condition result
present simple present simple
If I miss the 8 o'clock bus I am late for work.
If I am late for work my boss gets angry.
If people don't eat they get hungry.
If you heat ice does it melt?


result IF condition
present simple present simple
I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry if I am late for work.
People get hungry if they don't eat.
Does ice melt if you heat it?

1. The Zero Conditional (Type 0)
"Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
2. First Conditional (Type I)
"If I have the money, I will buy this car."
3. Second Conditional (Type II)
"If I were you, I would not talk to him."
4. Third Conditional (Type III)
"If had studied harder, I would have aced the test."
5. Wish Sentences
"I wish I hadn't said that to him."


Grammar Notes
1. The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about general truths, or scientific facts -- things which always happen under certain conditions.
2. The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.Type 1: if + present + future.
3. The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future.Type 2: if + past + conditional.
4. The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past.In other words, it is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. Type 3: if + past perfect + perfect conditional.
5. The verb wish expresses a desire for a situation that does not exist right now in the present. A wish is a desire to change a real situation into an unreal one. The unreal situation is expressed in the simple past.






1. The Zero Conditional (Type 0)

The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about general truths, or scientific facts -- things which always happen under certain conditions.

A zero conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause (note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"). For example:
If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
The simple present tense is the tense use in both clauses. Examples:
If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.

2. First Conditional (Type I)
The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.Type 1: if + present + future.
Example:
If I have the money, I will buy this car.
If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.
Peter will be sad if Susan leaves.
If you cook dinner, I'll wash the dishes.
Among other variations the structure if + present + present is also possible. It is used when the results are habitual or automatic. Example: If a commodity is in short, supply prices tend to rise.

3. Second Conditional (Type II)
The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future.Type 2: if + past + conditional
Example:
If I had the money, I would buy this car. (Since I do not have the money I cannot buy any new car). The action in type 2 is characterized by unreality.
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
Paula would be sad if Jan left.
4. Third Conditional (Type III)The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. In other words, it is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. Type 3: if + past perfect + perfect conditional Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form :If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
Example:
If I had had the money, I would have bought this Audi. (But I did not have it, and so did not buy).
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. (You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.)
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.(We didn't play well, so we lost the game.)
The action in type 3 is characterized by impossibility.
While type 1 and type 2 focus on the present or future, the time in type 3 is the past and signifies a completed action in the past. The condition, therefore, cannot be fulfilled because the action in the if-clause did not happen.
Summary
IF-CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE Explanation
simple present verb simple present verb if-clause uses simple present
result clause uses simple present
If it rains,
If it gets cold enough,
If I don't do my homework, my car window leaks.
water becomes ice.
I learn nothing. <-expresses an established or predictable fact, or it expresses a general truth
If Marie doesn't eat dinner,
If I exercise, she gets hungry at midnight.
I look great! <-expresses a habitual situation or a habitual activity.
If someone calls, take a message please. <-gives a command
simple present verb modal + simple present verb if-clause uses simple present
result clause uses modal + verb
If it rains, my window might leak. <-expresses a fact
If the phone rings, I will answer it. <-expresses a future situation
If the weather is sunny, we can go to the beach Sunday. <-expresses a future activity

First Conditional: real possibility
We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If it rains I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If I see Mary I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow he will invite her.
If they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad.
If it rains tomorrow will you stay at home?
If it rains tomorrow what will you do?
result IF condition
WILL + base verb present simple
I will tell Mary if I see her.
He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow?
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?

Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible.

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I won the lottery I would buy a car.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.

Here are some more examples:

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I married Mary I would be happy.
If Ram became rich she would marry him.
If it snowed next July would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July what would you do?
result IF condition
WOULD + base verb past simple
I would be happy if I married Mary.
She would marry Ram if he became rich.
Would you be surprised if it snowed next July?
What would you do if it snowed next July?